Flashcards – Chapters 9 & 10 – Anatomy & Physiology 10% of exam questions

Deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat, often a result of dam-age to autonomic nerves

Condition of dry, scaly skin, characterized by the absolute or partial deficiency of sebum

Most common and least severe type of skin cancer

An open comedone; consists of an accumulation of excess oil (sebum) that has been oxidized to a dark color

Foul-smelling perspiration

Large blister containing a watery fluid

Non-elevated spots due to increased pigmentation in the skin

Also known as a whitehead; a small bump just under the skin surface with white or cream colored sebum

Fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength

Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle that may be open (blackhead) or closed (whitehead)

Dead cells that have accumulated over a wound while healing

Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid or morbid matter, above or below the skin

Technical name for skin; also another name for the dermis

Inflammatory condition of the skin

Also known as irritant contact dermatitis; an eruptive skin condition due to contact with irritating substances such as tints or chemicals

Branch of medical science that deals with the study of the skin

Second or inner layer of the skin; also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin

Abnormal skin colorations

Inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful itching; dry or moist lesion forms

Protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue

Outermost layer of the skin; also called the cuticle or scarf skin

Skin sore or abrasion caused by scratching or scraping

Crack in the skin that penetrates to the dermis

Fever blister or cold sore; a recurring viral infection

Excessive perspiration or sweating

Darker than normal pigmentation, appearing as dark splotches

Abnormal skin growth

The absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches

Abbreviated ICD; also known as dermatitis venenata; occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis

Skin inflammation caused by exposure to poison ivy, poison oak, or poison sumac

Thick scar resulting from excessive tissue growth

Technical name for a callus, caused by pressure or friction

Technical name for freckles

Structural change in the tissues caused by injury or disease

Skin disorder characterized by abnormal white patches

Spot or discoloration of the skin, such as a freckle

Most severe form of skin cancer

Coloring matter or pigment of the skin; found in the stratum germinativum of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis

Technical name for milk spots; small, benign, whitish bumps that occur when dead skin is trapped in the surface of the skin; commonly seen in infants

Also known as prickly heat, is an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles accompanied by burning, itching skin

Small brownish spot on the skin

Nerve fibers distributed to the arrector pili muscles, which are attached to the hair follicles

Technical name for a birthmark

Solid bump larger than 0.4 inches (1 cm) that can be easily felt

Also known as a blackhead; a hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum

Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

Small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus

Lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin

Skin disease characterized by red patches and silvery-white scales

Raised, inflamed, papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion

Deeper layer of the dermis

Chronic congestion of the skin characterized by redness, blood vessel di-lation, papules, and pustules

An accumulation of dry or greasy flakes on the skin

Slightly raised or depressed mark on the skin formed after an injury or a lesion of the skin has healed

Large, protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum, frequently seen on the scalp and back

Oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles

Is a skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands, and is often characterized by redness, dry or oily scaling, crusting, and/or itchiness

An oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

Lesions characterized by an accumulation of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface

Nerves regulate the excretion of perspiration from the sweat glands and the flow of sebum from the oil glands

Nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain and send messages to the brain

Small brown-colored or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin occurring most frequently on the neck and chest

Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma, but not as serious as malignant melanoma

Abnormal brown- or wine-colored skin discoloration

Sebaceous cyst or fatty tumor

Outermost layer of the epidermis; the horny layer

Innermost layer of the epidermis, also known as the basal or Malpighian layer

Granular layer of the epidermis beneath the stratum lucidum; the grainy layer

Clear layer of the epidermis, directly beneath the stratum corneum

Spiny layer of the epidermis, often considered part of the stratum germinativum

Fatty tissue layer that lies beneath the dermis; also called adipose tissue

Sweat glands of the skin

Darkening of the skin due to exposure to ultraviolet rays

Distended or dilated surface blood vessels

Abnormal solid lump above, within, or below the skin

Abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive multiplication of cells

Open skin lesion accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth; a deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer

 Technical name for a wart

Small blister or sac containing clear fluid

Acquired leukoderma characterized by milky-white spots

Also known as verruca; an infectious hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus

Itchy, swollen lesion caused by insect bites or plant irritations, such as nettle

Closed comedone; consists of accumulated sebum that remains a whitish color because it does not have a follicular opening for exposure to oxygen

Abnormal hair loss

The sudden falling out of hair in patches or spots—autoimmune disorder

Hair loss occurring in old age

Hair loss as a result of syphilis

Total loss of scalp hair

Complete loss of body hair

Building blocks or units of structure in protein

Growth phase in the hair cycle

Hair loss that occurs as a result of genetics, age, and hormonal changes; male pattern baldness

Involuntary muscle fiber attached to the base of the hair follicle

Technical term for gray hair

Result of an acute, deep-seated bacterial infection in the subcutaneous tissue

Transition phase of the hair growth cycle that signals the end of the growth phase

Middle layer of the hair shaft

Tuft of hair that stands straight up

Outermost layer of the hair shaft

Amino acid with a sulfur atom that joins together two peptide chains

Small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

Also known as a sulfur bond; a type of chemical cross bond found in the hair cortex

Also known as peptide bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids end to end

Melanin that gives brown and black color to hair

Tubelike depression in the skin that contains the hair root

Also known as barber’s itch; a bacterial infection of the hair follicles with inflamed pustules in the bearded areas of the face and neck; may have hairs growing through the pustule

Technical term for brittle hair

An acute bacterial infection of a hair follicle, producing constant pain; also known as a boil

Club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root

The amount of hair per square inch of scalp

The ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length

The ability of the hair to absorb moisture

The part of the hair that is encased in the hair follicle

The part of the hair that extends beyond the skin

Hair that flows in the same direction

Measures the diameter of a hair strand: coarse, medium, fine

The spiral shape of a coiled protein created when polypeptide chains intertwine

Weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat

A condition of abnormal hair growth

The protein of which hair is made

Process by which protein cells mature within the follicle to form hair

Vellus hair

Fungus that causes dandruff

Innermost or center layer of the hair shaft

Tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair

Technical term for beaded hair

Infection of the hair and scalp with head lice

End bonds; chemical bonds that join amino acids end to end

Melanin that gives red to blond colors to hair

Technical term for dandruff

Dry dandruff

Waxy or greasy dandruff

Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Made of chemical units called amino acids

Chronic inflammatory form of folliculitis known as razor bumps resembling folliculitis papules and pustules; generally accepted to be caused by ingrown hair

Physical side bond within the hair cortex

Dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp seen in tinea favosa

Also known as cross bonds; hydrogen, salt, and sulfur bonds in the hair cortex

Chronic bacterial infection of the bearded areas of the face

Resting phase of the hair growth cycle

Long hair found on the scalp, beard, chest, back, and legs

Technical name for ringworm

Also known as barber’s itch, a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin; it is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp

Fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles

Ringworm characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow crusts on the scalp

Ringworm of the bearded areas on the face

The science dealing with the hair, its diseases, and its care

The technical term for split ends; hair conditioning and oils will smooth split ends, but the only way to remove them is to cut them

Technical term for knotted hair

Soft, downy hair that appears on the body

Amount of movement in the hair strand; straight, wavy, curly, and coiled

Hair that grows in a circular pattern